While the symptoms, causes, and treatments of PCOD and PCOS are similar, PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is a different condition from PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome). A chronic ovarian disease called PCOD is characterized by the production of immature eggs and formation of cysts in the ovaries, while PCOS affects the body's metabolism and is characterized by insulin resistance, which affects the body as a whole in addition to the ovarian dysfunction impact.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, also known as PCOS, is a reproductive condition that results in an imbalance of hormones in the body, which in turn causes a variety of symptoms. It is characterized by high levels of estrogen and testosterone, insulin resistance, and irregular menstrual cycles in many women who are of reproductive age. When women have PCOS, they often experience abnormal hair growth, acne, and an increased risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Globally, one in ten women are estimated to have PCOS. However, Asian women tend to have this syndrome more frequently than others.
There's a chance a woman has PCOS or PCOD if her periods are irregular or absent. Today's women are increasingly being diagnosed with PCOD and PCOS, but many are still unaware of the distinctions between these hormonal disorders. In this article, let’s learn how PCOD and PCOS differ and how does each condition affect our body?
Also Read: Effects of Menopause On Heart Health: What You Need To Know
What is PCOD?
The main causes of PCOD (polycystic ovarian disease) include genetic predispositions and hormonal imbalances occuring during the lifetime due to external factors like stress, diseases, and certain medications. Every month, the two ovaries in a typical menstrual cycle will release mature, fertilized eggs alternatively However, the ovaries of a person with PCOD often produce immature or only partially mature eggs, which can later develop into cysts, which are tiny sacs filled with liquid.Additionally, this causes the ovaries to enlarge and swell. In this situation, the ovaries will start producing androgens (male hormones) in excess, which causes symptoms like male pattern hair loss, abdominal weight gain, irregular periods, and in some extreme cases, even infertility. Normally, the ovaries release a limited amount of androgens (male hormones) during the cycle.
Although there isn't a specific "cure" for PCOD, one of the best ways to manage it is to make lifestyle changes (of course, after consulting with experts: ideally, your gynecologist, an endocrinologist, and a dietician). The best ways to manage your PCOD are to exercise and eat a balanced diet that is high in protein and fiber and low in sugar and carbohydrates. This also stops some of the weight gain, which is very beneficial because treatment is made much easier even with a 5% weight loss.
A person may receive medication to help balance their hormones, depending on the circumstances. In certain instances, second-line treatments such as aromatase inhibitors, laparoscopic surgery, and ovarian drilling may even be necessary. It is not very common, though. Individuals may also see other doctors for the specific treatment of some symptoms. For example, acne and hair loss caused by PCOD can typically be resolved with skin treatments. While most cases require minimal assistance with conception and lead to a smooth pregnancy, 20% of cases (based on data collected on Indian women) may require fertility drugs or other treatments to enhance fertility in the patients who wish to become pregnant.
Also Read: Early Pregnancy Symptoms: Physical And Emotional Changes
What is PCOS?
Many symptoms of PCOS are also common to PCOD, such as irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and infertility. Additionally, metabolic syndrome—which raises the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and strokes—is brought on by PCOS. Additionally, it may result in sleep apnea, which impairs breathing while you sleep. This can cause abrupt pauses in breathing or the inability to breathe at all, which can cause a severely disrupted sleep cycle. The uterine lining (lining of the uterus) thickens every month because there is no ovulation, which can also raise the risk of endometrial cancer. In order to stabilize the menstrual cycle and address several other symptoms, PCOS is typically treated with oral contraceptives, also known as birth control pills. These pills contain estrogen, a female hormone, and progestin, a hormone that mimics another female hormone. In addition to treating acne and other skin issues, additional medication may be taken to lower the risk of diabetes and endometrial cancer. Losing weight and adopting a healthier lifestyle will help in better prognosis.Also Read: What are Gynecological Problems?
Difference Between PCOD and PCOS Differ
Firstly, PCOS is typically regarded as a more severe illness. PCOD is frequently controlled with simple lifestyle modifications, additional medical care may not even be necessary. On the other hand, PCOS is an endocrine system disorder with potentially more dangerous consequences. It is almost always treated with hormone replacement therapy. Furthermore, PCOD is also far more prevalent. Globally, PCOD affects about one-third of all menstruating women on the other hand PCOS is not that common. A study carried out in Maharashtra and Southern India found that while 22.5% of menstruating women in those areas had PCOD, 9.13% of them had PCOS.Lastly, while not to the same extent, infertility is a common side effect of both hormonal disorders. As previously discussed, pregnancy is nearly always possible for those with PCOD if they take a few extra precautions and receive even little medical attention. Nevertheless, PCOS causes an excessive amount of hormone imbalances, making conception much more difficult. Although many people with PCOS take the medication Clomiphene to increase fertility, this medication also increases the likelihood of twins or multiple births.
Also Read: Early Pregnancy Symptoms: Physical And Emotional Changes
Conclusion
A combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and ultrasound imaging are usually used to diagnose PCOS and PCOD. A multifaceted approach is often necessary for the management of PCOS and PCOD. Making lifestyle changes, like controlling your weight with food and exercise, is essential to controlling your symptoms and enhancing your insulin sensitivity. Prescription drugs may be used to control insulin resistance, lower androgen levels, and regulate menstrual cycles. Women who are infertile may occasionally need to undergo fertility treatments. In order to effectively manage PCOS and PCOD, regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare professionals are imperative.One cannot deny that there is social stigma and false information surrounding PCOS and PCOD, particularly in Indian society. Lack of communication always results in a lack of education; most people are unaware of even the most basic information regarding menstruation. However, there's always room for improvement.
For best PCOS or PCOD care, consult the best gynecologist in Mumbai at Asian Heart Hospital. Book your consultation now!
FAQs
Q1: Is PCOD a chronic illness?A: PCOS is a chronic illness that carries a risk to one's long-term health. Uterine cancer, heart issues, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, sleep apnea, anxiety, and depression have been linked to it.
Q2: Can women with PCOD become pregnant?
A: It is possible for women with PCOD to become pregnant, but you will probably need to control your symptoms and keep a healthy weight.
Q3: What is the main difference between PCOD and PCOS?
A: PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is a condition where ovaries release many immature eggs that form cysts, while PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a more severe hormonal disorder that affects metabolism, periods, and fertility.
Q4: Which is more serious, PCOD or PCOS?
A: PCOS is considered more serious because it is a metabolic and hormonal disorder linked with obesity, infertility, diabetes, and heart disease, whereas PCOD is often managed with lifestyle changes.
Q5: Can women with PCOD or PCOS get pregnant?
A: Yes, women with PCOD or PCOS can get pregnant, but they may face challenges with ovulation. Fertility treatments and lifestyle changes often improve the chances of conception.
