We often hear about cholesterol through commercials, diet magazines, and health news. But what exactly is cholesterol, and how does it affect our body?
Cholesterol is a type of fat present in our bodies. It plays an important role in several vital functions, including hormone production, digestion of food, and cell growth. While the body needs cholesterol to function properly, too much of it can be harmful. Beyond heart and brain concerns, high cholesterol can lead to serious blood vessel problems by contributing to abnormal clot formation.
Research over decades has shown that the food we eat and our cholesterol levels directly influence heart health. More recent studies suggest that the relationship between diet and cholesterol may be even stronger than once believed.
Also Read: What Is High Cholesterol? Common Signs And Symptoms You Need To Know
What is the Good, The Bad & The Risky Cholesterol?
High cholesterol, also known as hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia, occurs when there is too much fat (lipid) in the blood. While lipids are essential, an excess can build up inside arteries, forming plaque. Over time, this plaque grows silently and can block blood flow, increasing the risk of heart disease.You may not feel any symptoms for years, which is why a blood test (lipid panel) is the only way to know your cholesterol levels.
- The Good (HDL – High-Density Lipoprotein): HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it to the liver for elimination. Higher HDL levels lower the risk of heart disease.
- The Bad (LDL – Low-Density Lipoprotein): LDL can build up in artery walls, forming plaque that narrows blood vessels and increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
- The Risky (Triglycerides): Triglycerides are another type of fat in the blood. High levels—especially when combined with high LDL and low HDL—raise the risk of heart disease, metabolic disorders, and pancreatitis.
How Does High Cholesterol Affect the Body?
Over time, excess cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis—the build-up of plaque inside blood vessels. This condition narrows or blocks arteries, restricting blood flow much like clogged pipes slow the flow of water. Depending on which blood vessels are affected, high cholesterol can raise the risk of conditions such as:- Coronary artery disease
- Stroke
- Peripheral artery disease
- High blood pressure
Good Cholesterol Vs. Bad Cholesterol
There are numerous types of lipids. The two most commonly used terms are "good cholesterol" and "bad cholesterol."The term "good cholesterol" refers to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Think of the "H" as "helpful." HDLs deliver cholesterol to the liver. Your liver regulates your cholesterol levels. It produces sufficient cholesterol to meet your body's needs and eliminates the rest. You must have adequate HDLs to transport cholesterol to the liver. If your HDLs are too low, there will be too much cholesterol in your bloodstream.
The term "bad cholesterol" refers to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This is the culprit that causes plaque to build in your arteries. Excess LDLs can contribute to the development of heart disease over time.
What are the Causes of High Cholesterol Levels?
High cholesterol is caused by a combination of genetics and lifestyle choices. Following are the lifestyle factors that contribute to elevated cholesterol levels:- Smoking and tobacco use
- Being under a lot of stress
- Drinking alcohol
- Not moving around enough
- Diet
What are the Symptoms of High Cholesterol Levels?
For most people, high cholesterol levels exhibit no symptoms. You may have high cholesterol and run marathons. You won't experience any symptoms until your body has additional issues as a result of the elevated cholesterol. These are:- Peripheral artery disease
- Stroke
- High blood pressure
- Type 2 diabetes
Conclusion
High cholesterol is often silent but dangerous. The only reliable way to detect it is through a simple blood test. It affects people of all ages—even those who appear healthy. Certain health conditions can further increase the risks associated with abnormal cholesterol.Know your numbers, get tested regularly, and discuss your results with your doctor.
At Asian Heart Institute, our expert cardiologists can guide you in understanding the difference between good and bad cholesterol and help you manage your heart health effectively. Book your consultation today!
FAQs
Q1: What do "The Good, The Bad & The Risky" cholesterol mean?A: The Good (HDL) helps remove excess cholesterol, protecting the heart. The Bad (LDL) can build up in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. The Risky (Triglycerides), when high, raise the chances of heart attacks and strokes. Keeping a healthy balance is key to heart health!
Q2: How often should I check my cholesterol levels?
A: Adults should get their cholesterol checked every 4-6 years. However, those with risk factors should have more frequent screenings as advised by their doctor.
Q3: Can cholesterol be managed without medication?
A: Yes, lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress management can help control cholesterol. However, in some cases, medications like statins may be necessary to lower cholesterol effectively.
